Returning to the water and using warm water: survival does not guarantee unaltered reproductive success In Atlantic salmon, the 97% figure only tells part of the story. A salmon swims off after being unhooked. For the fisherman, it's a relief. But this single departure doesn't, in itself, guarantee that the fish will fully recover, continue its migration, and contribute to the next generation. The distinction is essential: surviving a release and maintaining intact reproductive success are two different things. Science helps us better understand this difference. It also shows why capture conditions, particularly water temperature, must play a central role in our fishing decisions. What the 97% really means In a study conducted on the Alta River in Norway, Thorstad and colleagues reported that 97% of the 30 radio-tagged salmon survived release and were present in known spawning areas during the reproductive period . The captures took place in water temperatures of 10–14.5 °C . [1] This is a favorable result for releasing the fish back into the water. But it is not a measure of the offspring produced. The presence of a fish in a spawning area does not tell us how many offspring it will be attributed, nor whether its contribution will be comparable to that of an uncaught fish. The study also noted adverse effects associated with factors such as fight duration, injuries, bleeding, handling, and exposure to air and temperature. These effects affected the fish's condition, stress levels, and behavior. [1] The Alta results therefore demonstrate high survival rates under the studied conditions. However, they do not demonstrate a 97% reproductive success rate. Releasing the animal back into the water has conservation value. Recognizing these limitations does not mean condemning the practice of releasing the fish back into the water. A salmon kept before spawning will not participate in the next spawning season. A released salmon can still contribute. Releasing them thus helps preserve breeding stock that would otherwise be harvested. But its value as a management tool does not mean that every catch is without consequence. Rather, it compels us to examine the conditions under which we choose to fish. The question then becomes: how to reduce the effects of capture on a fish that still has to complete its migration and reproduce? When the water warms up, the risk increases. In 2020, Van Leeuwen and his colleagues combined data from several studies to model post-release mortality as a function of temperature. [2] Their analysis indicates generally low mortality in fresh water, less than about 5% below 12°C. For the 18-20°C range, the model provides an average estimate of about 16% , with a reported range of 7-33% taking uncertainty into account . [2] These figures do not constitute a universal rate. The authors note significant variability between studies at high temperatures and recommend caution in interpreting the predictions. [2] It would therefore be excessive to claim that, in each river, exactly 16 out of 100 salmon will die after being released back into the water between 18 and 20 °C. But if such a rate were applied to a group of 100 fish caught before spawning, it would represent 16 fish that would not participate in that reproduction. Survival thus remains a prerequisite for any future reproductive contribution. The temperature at the time of capture matters An analysis published in 2024 by Van Leeuwen and colleagues sheds further light on the issue. It re-examines data collected in Newfoundland between 2018 and 2020 and focuses on mortality within five days of release . [3] Among salmon caught at 20°C or above , 4 out of 18 died , or about 22%. In a subgroup of fish caught at 20°C or below, but subsequently exposed to an average temperature of at least 20°C, 1 out of 13 died . [3] These small sample sizes do not allow the percentages to be transformed into general rules. The authors nevertheless conclude that, under the conditions examined, the temperature at the time of capture remains the best indicator of survival after release. [3] This does not make subsequent temperatures unimportant. It underscores the significance of the conditions present when the fish is subjected to the fight and handling. Reproduction requires a different approach. To go beyond simply observing survival, researchers have used genetics to link fry to their parents. Richard, Dionne, Wang, and Bernatchez did so in a study published in 2013. Their results suggest a size-dependent effect of release, with larger individuals being more affected in their reproductive contribution. [4] They also detected an interaction between temperature and air exposure. However, the observed relationships were complex: they should not be reduced to a universal formula for calculating reproductive loss for each additional degree or each second out of the water. [4] This study concerned one population and one year. It measured the contribution to the sampled fry, and not the number of offspring that would one day return to reproduce. [4] However, it shows why it is necessary to examine the possible consequences of capture beyond immediate survival . What the Rimouski study shows Bouchard and his colleagues published a study in 2022 on the reproductive success of salmon released back into the Rimouski River. [5] At least 83% of the fish released back into the water that reached the upstream side of the dam reproduced , including some released at temperatures above 20°C. [5] However, the relative reproductive success of released females reached approximately 73% of that of uncaptured females . This is a difference in reproductive contribution, not a survival rate or a proportion of females that became unable to spawn. [5] This 27% difference should also not be attributed directly to heat. In trapped fish, researchers did not detect a decrease in reproductive success with increased temperature at the time of release. [5] In contrast, fish caught in warmer water were less likely to become trapped. Therefore, the reproductive outcomes observed in fish that migrated upstream do not necessarily predict the fate of all released fish. [5] Fish not found in the trap: an uncertainty to be respected We need to be rigorous in both directions. A salmon absent from the trap cannot automatically be considered dead or as having failed to reproduce. Another publication from the same team specifies that spawning also occurs downstream of the dam , in an area excluded from their upstream reproductive monitoring. Fish that reach upstream are, in fact, trapped and then transported over the obstacle. [6] The question of what will happen to the missing fish therefore remains open. This limitation prevents us from stating that they have all recovered fully, or from concluding that they have all been lost to reproduction. 18°C is not an absolute limit The studies cited do not allow us to conclude that at exactly 18°C , each salmon would experience a specific reduction in its reproductive success. [2, 4, 5] Nor do they allow us to consider any lower temperature as a guarantee of no effect. The risk described by the analyses varies with the conditions; it is not simply a matter of switching on and off. [1, 2, 4] For me, 18°C is a benchmark for caution, not a proven biological boundary. As the water warms, particularly around 20°C and above, mortality data provide further reasons to limit avoidable stresses. [2, 3] This position stems from a precautionary choice informed by research. It does not claim to replace local regulations or establish a threshold valid for all rivers. Adapting our decisions to the state of the population The abundance of a population must also be taken into account. But a river that hosts many salmon does not, in itself, allow us to conclude that the losses would be negligible. The challenge is to decide what risk we are willing to accept, given the state of the stock, environmental conditions, and uncertainties. We don't have to wait for a statistically significant effect to be detected in every river before choosing to reduce avoidable pressure. The absence of a significant result is not a guarantee of the absence of consequences. The salmon before the first cast Releasing a boat back into the water deserves more than just a number used as a guarantee. It deserves careful practice and an honest assessment of the available knowledge. Studies show that many released salmon survive and reproduce. They also show that results vary, that warm water increases survival concerns, and that reproductive contribution may be affected. [1–5] Seeing a fish swim away is always an important moment. But what we want to protect goes further: its ability to reach a breeding habitat and contribute to the next generation. That's why my decision to fish shouldn't begin with the question: "Can I still successfully catch and release?" She should start with this question: "Under the current conditions, is it reasonable to subject this fish to this fight?" Giving up a few casts when conditions become difficult is also a fisherman's gesture. Salmon first and foremost. And especially before the first cast. Sources [1] Thorstad, EB, Næsje, TF, Fiske, P. and Finstad, B. (2003). Effects of hook and release on Atlantic salmon in the River Alta, northern Norway. Fisheries Research, 60(2–3), 293–307. Consult the study [2] Van Leeuwen, TE et al. (2020). Mortality of Atlantic salmon after catch and release angle: assessment of a recreational Atlantic salmon fishery in a changing climate. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 77(9), 1518–1528. Consult the study [3] Van Leeuwen, T.E., Keefe, D., Young, M. and Adams, B. (2024). Water temperature at the time of the catch-and-release event is a better predictor of survival in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) than acute water temperature changes before and after. Journal of Fish Biology, 104(5), 1623–1627. Consult the study [4] Richard, A., Dionne, M., Wang, J. and Bernatchez, L. (2013). Does catch and release affect the mating system and individual reproductive success of wild Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.)? Molecular Ecology, 22(1), 187–200. Consult the study [5] Bouchard, R., Wellband, K., Lecomte, L., Bernatchez, L. and April, J. (2022). Effect of catch-and-release and temperature at release on reproductive success of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) in the Rimouski River, Quebec, Canada. Fisheries Management and Ecology, 29(6), 888–896. Consult the study [6] Bouchard, R., Wellband, K., Lecomte, L., Bernatchez, L. and April, J. (2022). Effects of stocking at the parr stage on the reproductive fitness and genetic diversity of a wild population of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.). Evolutionary Applications, 15(5), 838–852. Consult the study

An improvement from the bottom of the barrel does not constitute a recovery Between September 3 and 17, 2026, three articles published in RiverNotes presented the results of three Quebec rivers—the Rivière aux Rochers, the Rivière du Gouffre, and the Rivière Sainte-Marguerite—from an encouraging angle. Three weeks. Three severely weakened rivers. Three positive framings. Yes, some of the 2026 results are better than those of 2024 or 2025. No one disputes that. But when these figures are placed in the context of historical data, the picture becomes much less reassuring. A river can experience an annual rise while remaining deeply in crisis. This is precisely why words must be chosen with extreme care. The Atlantic Salmon Federation does not exist to please fishermen or to embellish the record of a fishing season. It exists to protect and restore wild Atlantic salmon. Its primary responsibility, therefore, is not to find reassuring words. It is to present the true state of the population, even when the truth is difficult to hear. The overall picture: an improvement does not constitute a recovery Here's what the 2026 figures actually show when compared to more representative historical references: The Rivière aux Rochers has 216 salmon in 2026. This is better than the 141 in 2025, but about 79% below the average from 2005 to 2009. The Gouffre River recorded 93 releases. This is 20 more than in 2025, but 15 fewer than in 2024. Crucially, a release does not necessarily represent a single salmon run or a single salmon. The main Sainte-Marguerite River has 99 salmon. This is better than 2024 and 2025, but about 74% below the 2015-2019 average. The Sainte-Marguerite Northeast has 90 salmon. This is a rebound after two catastrophic years, but about 80% below the average from 2010 to 2014. That's the full picture. Yes, there are occasional increases. No, the data does not allow us to speak of a recovery. Rivière aux Rochers: 216 salmon, but still far from historical levels RiverNotes presents the 2026 season as a "better season" and speaks of "encouraging news". The total number of salmon increased from 141 in 2025 to 216 in 2026. This represents a real increase of 53.2%. But 216 salmon represent only about 21% of the average from 2005 to 2009 and 22% of that from 2010 to 2014. In other words, the river remains nearly 79% below some of its most representative historical averages. The composition of the 2026 upstream migration is also important: 137 grilses; 79 large salmon; 216 salmon in total. The number of grilse has improved, but the number of large salmon remains extremely low. An increase in grilse could raise the total number of large salmon without offsetting the weakness of the large spawners. It should also be noted that in 2023, only 20 grilse were counted. In 2024, there were 53. In 2025, 70. Then 137 in 2026. This increase is positive, but it does not yet allow us to conclude that the population has recovered or that it is following a sustainable trajectory. The correct term would therefore be: partial improvement in a population that is still profoundly weakened. Gouffre River: we're comparing releases into the water, not upstream migrations. The situation of the Gouffre river raises an even bigger problem. RiverNotes reports: 108 relaunchs in 2024; 73 in 2025; 93 in 2026. The text presents the 2026 result as being "more encouraging". But encouraging compared to what? Releasing a salmon is a declared fishing event. It doesn't automatically mean a different salmon. The same fish can theoretically be caught and released more than once. The number of times the fish are released back into the water also depends on: the number of fishing days; water conditions; flow rate; of the temperature; the presence of fishermen at the time when salmon are accessible; the concentration of fish in certain areas; the rate of catch reporting; of the possibility of repeated captures. In 2024, the 108 releases were recorded during 1,344 fishing days. This represents approximately 0.080 releases per fishing day. In 2025, the 73 releases were recorded during 920 fishing days. This represents approximately 0.079 releases per fishing day. The rate is practically identical. The decrease in the gross number of catches between 2024 and 2025 therefore seems to largely follow the decrease in fishing effort. For 2026, RiverNotes does not provide the number of fishing days. Therefore, it is impossible to know if the 93 catches actually represent a better salmon population or simply a different fishing effort. And above all, the official report does not show a continuous series of ascents for the Gouffre after 2021. The latest published ascensions are sporadic: 193 salmon in 2004; 218 in 2005; 193 in 2007; 349 in 2010; 527 in 2019; at least 613 in 2020; 475 in 2021. After 2021, refloating cannot replace a true population count. The most rigorous formulation would have been: "More fish will be released back into the water than in 2025, but no conclusions can be drawn regarding the evolution of the total population." It's less spectacular. But it's much more accurate. Main Sainte-Marguerite: only 76 madeleines in four years On the main St. Margaret River, RiverNotes reports 99 salmon in 2026: 28 madeleines; 71 large salmon. The result is presented as the best mounting of the last three years. That's correct if we limit the comparison to 2024, 2025 and 2026. But this window begins precisely at the heart of the recent collapse. Here are the numbers of madeleines observed since 2023: 2 in 2023; 11 in 2024; 35 in 2025; 28 in 2026. That only yields 76 madeleines in four seasons. For all salmon species, the runs from 2023 to 2026 total 428 individuals: 223 in 2023; 35 in 2024; 71 in 2025; 99 in 2026. The 99 salmon in 2026 represent an improvement compared to 2024 and 2025, but they remain about 74% below the 2015-2019 average. We must also take into account an important methodological limitation: the provincial report specifies that, since 2016, the upslope of the main branch is estimated from its relationship with the Northeast branch. Therefore, any comparison must be accompanied by a clear explanation of the method used. Sainte-Marguerite Northeast: a partial rebound, not a recovery The Northeast branch has 90 salmon in 2026: 34 grilses; 56 large salmon. That's better than the 38 salmon in 2024 and the 46 in 2025. But, once again, the choice of the comparison period completely changes the picture. The 90 salmon of 2026 represent: about 21% of the average from 2000 to 2004; about 20% of the average from 2010 to 2014; approximately 32% of the average from 2015 to 2019; about 53% of the already weakened average from 2020 to 2025. Even compared to the recent period, which includes the collapses of 2024 and 2025, the 2026 result remains about 47% lower. The correct word is therefore not "recovery". The right word is: partial rebound after two catastrophic years. Salmon cannot be measured solely from one year to the next. There is another question that should concern us greatly: what will become of the cohorts produced by the small upswings of 2023, 2024, 2025 and 2026? Atlantic salmon do not operate on a simple annual calendar. After spawning, the eggs overwinter in the gravel. The young salmon then generally live for several years in the river before becoming smolts and migrating downstream to the sea. They then spend one or more winters in the marine environment before returning as adults. Therefore, the consequences of a low egg deposition in 2023 will not all be visible in 2024. They can manifest themselves several years later. That's where the real danger lies. Some fly bolts in the coming years may still be supported by better egg deposits from previous years. This could give the impression that the situation is stabilizing. But the very low uptake recorded since 2023 risks producing much smaller adult cohorts in the late 2020s or early 2030s. We cannot predict with certainty the exact year or the precise extent of this decline. But we know enough about the biological cycle to understand that we need to prepare before the shock fully appears in the adult climbers. Are we ready for what's coming? Have we already implemented: a uniform thermal protocol; automatic shutdowns when temperature and low flow become dangerous; a daily display of temperature, flow rate, fish runs and fishing effort; a genuine monitoring of recaptures; salmon smolt counts; regular monitoring of the parr; an annual publication of egg laying; Measures to reduce fishing pressure when fish runs become critical? Are the fish kept in water constantly? Are photos taken outside of the water prohibited? Are barbless hooks, or hooks with a completely crushed barb, mandatory? Is the duration of the fights reduced to a minimum? Do we preemptively close a river before the heat, low flow, and handling of fish become a deadly combination? These are the questions that a conservation organization should place at the center of its message. Not only that: did we release a few more salmon back into the water than last year? Words influence behavior When an organization as well-known as the Atlantic Salmon Federation describes a season as "encouraging," the public takes it that the situation is getting better. The sense of urgency is diminishing. Some anglers may believe the river can withstand more pressure. Managers may feel less pressure to impose difficult measures. Decision-makers may conclude that the actions already in place are sufficient. That is why words have weight. I am not criticizing the fact of publishing a real increase. I criticize the fact that the worst years of the series were chosen as the main reference point. By constantly comparing the worst to the almost worst, we end up making an unacceptable situation seem acceptable. An annual increase should be presented for what it is: an annual increase. Recovery requires much more: a positive trend over several years; a rise that is closer to historical references; a good representation of large salmon; a sufficient egg deposit; adequate production of parr and salmon smolts; a population large enough and diverse enough to withstand bad years. We are still far from being able to demonstrate all of this on the three rivers studied. Conclusion: our responsibility lies with the salmon The Atlantic Salmon Federation is not a fishing season promotion agency. It is a conservation organization. Her responsibility is not to tailor her message to what the fishermen want to hear. She must tailor it to what the salmon need to survive. The fisherman may wish for a better season. The Federation, for its part, must defend the next generation of salmon. Yes, let's highlight each additional salmon. But let's also show how much ground has been lost. Let's show the historical averages. Let's show the big salmon and the madeleines. Let's show the fishing effort. Let's show the temperatures, the flow rates, the egg deposits and the salmon smolt counts. Then let's clearly explain what we are prepared to do to protect those who remain. It is not our responsibility to make the season encouraging. Our responsibility is to give salmon every possible chance of survival. Each breeder must reach spawning time. Every public statement must reflect this urgency. Because at the rate some rivers are declining, their days are numbered — and the salmon cannot wait for our vocabulary to catch up with reality. Sources [1] Government of Quebec, Ministry of the Environment, the Fight Against Climate Change, Wildlife and Parks. 2025 Salmon Harvest Assessment in Quebec , April 2026. Tables for the Gouffre River, pages 132-133; Sainte-Marguerite Main River, pages 142-143; Sainte-Marguerite Northeast River, pages 144-145; Rivière aux Rochers River, pages 164-165. https://bibliotheque.cecile-rouleau.gouv.qc.ca/documents/archives/pgq/L6G48_B54/L6G48_B54_2025.pdf [2] Atlantic Salmon Federation. RiverNotes — September 3, 2026 , section on the Rivière aux Rochers. https://www.asf.ca/rivernotes-september-03-2026/ [3] Atlantic Salmon Federation. RiverNotes — September 10, 2026 , section on the Gouffre River. https://www.asf.ca/rivernotes-september-10-2026/ [4] Atlantic Salmon Federation. RiverNotes — September 17, 2026 , section on the Sainte-Marguerite River. https://www.asf.ca/rivernotes-september-17-2026/ [5] Government of Quebec. Regulatory Amendments — Saguenay–Lac-Saint-Jean Region — Atlantic Salmon Fishery , July 12, 2024. https://www.quebec.ca/nouvelles/actualites/details/modifications-reglementaires-region-du-saguenay-lac-saint-jean-peche-au-saumon-atlantique-reduction-du-contingent-quotidien-de-saumons-remis-a-leau-et-de-petits-saumons-pris-et-gardes-pour-la-saison-2024-57429 [6] Government of Quebec. Atlantic Salmon Management Plan . https://www.quebec.ca/agriculture-environnement-et-ressources-naturelles/faune/gestion-faune-habitats-fauniques/gestion-especes-fauniques/plans-gestion/saumon-atlantique [7] Atlantic Salmon Federation. About Atlantic Salmon — life cycle of Atlantic salmon. https://www.asf.ca/about-atlantic-salmon/

Rivière aux Rochers 2026: Improvement does not equal recovery The RiverNotes published on September 3, 2026 by the Atlantic Salmon Federation presents the Rivière aux Rochers in an encouraging light: 216 salmon were counted, compared to 114 in 2025. https://www.asf.ca/rivernotes-september-03-2026/ Yes, 2026 is better than 2025. But when you check the reference figure, distinguish between the small salmon and the large salmon, and place this run in the historical series, the picture becomes much less reassuring. The rigorous conclusion is simple: 2026 marks an annual improvement. The data do not yet demonstrate a recovery in the population. A reference error that inflates the rise RiverNotes compares the 216 salmon in 2026 to a total of 114 in 2025. However, the official report from the Ministry of the Environment, the Fight Against Climate Change, Wildlife and Parks indicates a total run of 141 salmon in 2025 : 70 madeleines; 71 red eel-marins, or large salmon; 141 salmon in total. Comparing 216 to 114 produces an apparent increase of 89.5% . Comparing 216 to the official total of 141 gives an increase of 53.2% . The improvement remains real, but it does not correspond to a near doubling of the rise. What the 2026 mounting actually contains The final count communicated after the cage was closed is as follows: 137 madeleines ; 79 large salmon ; 216 salmon in total . Compared to 2025, the number of madeleines increases from 70 to 137, or +95.7% . However, the number of large salmon increased from 71 to 79, representing an increase of only 8 fish or 11.3% . Almost the entire rebound is therefore due to the madeleines. This distinction is essential: an increase in the total does not automatically mean that the reproductive capacity of the population has been restored. Large salmon, particularly large females, contribute significantly to egg deposition. Their numbers here remain extremely low. One of the weakest elongations since 2000 An examination of the 2000–2026 series shows that the runs have already regularly exceeded 1,000 salmon: 1,048 in 2000; 1,064 in 2004; 1,082 in 2006; 1,571 in 2008; 1,212 in 2010; 1,624 in 2011; 1,034 in 2016. Conversely, the last few years are among the weakest of the entire series: 252 salmon in 2023; 121 in 2024; 141 in 2025; 216 in 2026. Of the 27 years between 2000 and 2026, only the totals for 2024 and 2025 are lower than that of 2026. The rebound is therefore visible, but it is occurring from a historical low. It is not bringing the river back close to its previous levels. The five-year averages show a step-like decline. Annual fluctuations can be misleading. Five-year averages provide a clearer picture of the underlying trend. 2000–2004: 859 salmon per year ; 2005–2009: 1,024 salmon per year ; 2010–2014: 974 salmon per year ; 2015–2019: 684 salmon per year ; 2020–2024: 421 salmon per year . This sequence shows persistent deterioration. The average falls by 29.8% between 2010–2014 and 2015–2019, and then by another 38.4% between 2015–2019 and 2020–2024. With 216 salmon, the 2026 run remains: 48.7% below the 2020–2024 average ; 68.4% below the 2015–2019 average ; 78.9% below the 2005–2009 average . In other words, 2026 represents barely 21% of the annual average observed between 2005 and 2009. The comparison with 2015–2024 remains a concern. Between 2015 and 2024, the Rivière aux Rochers recorded on average: 194.3 madeleines per year; 358.1 large salmon per year; 552.4 salmon in total. In 2026: the 137 madeleines remain 29.5% below their average ; the 79 large salmon remain 77.9% below their average ; the total of 216 remains 60.9% below the overall average . The situation of large salmon is particularly worrying. The 79 large salmon in 2026 represent only 22.1% of the 2015–2024 average . An increase of eight large salmon in one year does not allow us to conclude that the reproductive component has recovered. Egg deposition provides an indication of the deficit The official figures estimate the laying of 2025 at 0.43 million eggs . The conservation references for the Rivière aux Rochers are as follows: demographic threshold: 1.814 million eggs ; Optimal threshold: 5.805 million eggs . The 2025 filing therefore corresponds to only: 23.7% of the demographic threshold ; 7.4% of the optimal threshold . These results should not be automatically projected to 2026. The cage count confirms the number of fish that passed, but not their sex, their survival to spawning, their reproductive contribution, or the final deposition of eggs. Without this information, it is premature to present 2026 as the proven start of a recovery. What needs to be measured before talking about recovery Biological recovery cannot be demonstrated by a single annual improvement. It would be necessary to observe, in particular: several consecutive years of increase in large spawning salmon; an egg deposition that is sustainably approaching the demographic threshold; a measured improvement in fry and parr densities; an increase in smolt production; improved survival between egg, smolt and adult return; better return rates from the sea per cohort; habitat restoration results supported by before-and-after monitoring and, ideally, by control sites. The currently available data do not allow us to attribute the 2026 increase to habitat interventions. Nor do they demonstrate a lasting improvement in recruitment or marine survival. Set the record straight The title "A Better Season on the River of Rocks" isn't strictly wrong. The 2026 season is indeed better than the 2025 season. The problem lies in the framing: the total 2025 used by RiverNotes does not correspond to the official total; the increase depends mainly on the madeleines; the number of large salmon increases by only eight individuals; The upstream migration remains far below historical averages; No complete reproductive data are yet available for 2026. Good news should be able to withstand a full portrait. Otherwise, it's not yet a summary: it's just a framing. Rigour does not require denying the observed improvement. It requires measuring it with the right denominator, the right historical series, and the right biological indicators. 2026 is an improvement. It is not yet a recovery. Sources Ministry of the Environment, the Fight Against Climate Change, Wildlife and Parks. Review of Salmon Exploitation in Quebec in 2025 , table "Summary of Sport Fishing from 1984 to 2025 on the Rivière aux Rochers", pages 164–165. https://bibliotheque.cecile-rouleau.gouv.qc.ca/documents/archives/pgq/L6G48_B54/L6G48_B54_2025.pdf Atlantic Salmon Federation. RiverNotes — September 3, 2026 , section “A Better Season on the River of Rocks”. https://www.asf.ca/rivernotes-september-03-2026/ Final count 2026 communicated after the closure of the cage: 137 grilse, 79 large salmon, total of 216. This breakdown had not yet been spotted in an official publication of the MELCCFP accessible online at the time of writing. Government of Quebec. Atlantic Salmon Management Plan . https://www.quebec.ca/agriculture-environnement-et-ressources-naturelles/faune/gestion-faune-habitats-fauniques/gestion-especes-fauniques/plans-gestion/saumon-atlantique

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